The Bhikkhu and the Trial of Offences. - Buddha and his dhamma,

:: 7. The Bhikkhu and the Trial of Offences. ::
1. The enactment of these acts and omissions were not a mere formality. They were legal in substance involving a definite charge, trial and punishment. 
2. No Bhikkhu could be punished without a trial by a regularly constituted Court. 
3. The Court was to be constituted by the Bhikkhus resident at the place where an offence had taken place. 
4. No trial could take place without a proper number of Bhikkhus required to constitute a Court.
5. No trial would be legal without a definite charge. 
6. No trial could be legal if it did not take place in the presence of the accused. 
7. No trial could be legal if the accused had not been given the fullestopportunity to defend himself. 
8. The following punishments could be awarded against a guilty Bhikkhu: 
(i) Tarjaniya Karma (warn and discharge). 
(ii) Niyasha Karma (declaring insane). 
(iii) Pravrajniya Karma (expulsion from the Sangh). 
(iv) Utskhepniya Karma (boycott). 
(v) Parivasa Karma (expulsion from Vihar). 
9. Expulsion may be followed by abbana karma . Abbana Karma means annulment of dismemberment. It may be followed after granting of Pardon granted by the Sangh after being satisfied with the proper performance of Parivasa Karma.